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- <text id=90TT1911>
- <title>
- July 23, 1990: Nicaragua:Caught Between Extremes
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 23, 1990 The Palestinians
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 32
- NICARAGUA
- Caught Between Extremes
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Chamorro navigates her way back from the brink of chaos
- </p>
- <p>After days of paralyzing and often violent labor strife, the
- government of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro capitulated to the
- demands of pro-Sandinista government employees. Despite
- Chamorro's effort to hold the line on government spending, the
- National Workers' Front was granted a 43% wage hike for July
- and was promised another unspecified increase next month. The
- 800 public servants fired since Chamorro's inauguration on
- April 25 were granted compensation. And the government suspended
- plans to return to private ownership properties confiscated
- during the 10 years of Sandinista rule. With those concessions,
- virtually every prong of Chamorro's campaign to decentralize
- and restructure Nicaragua's bankrupt economy has been blunted.
- </p>
- <p> If the immediate issues were economic, the underlying agenda
- was intensely political. Chamorro's unenviable challenge is to
- convince a hungry, impoverished population that deepening
- discomfort in the short term is a necessary evil for long-term
- economic recovery. The problem is that every time Chamorro asks
- Nicaraguans to make a sacrifice, she hands the Sandinistas a
- powerful issue around which to rally political support. Former
- President Daniel Ortega Saavedra's postelection threat last
- February to "rule from below" is proving effective. Last week's
- strike was the second by public servants since Chamorro took
- office and the second that ended in concessions. Chamorro is
- fast learning that while she holds the power to act, the
- Sandinistas maintain the power to thwart her actions.
- </p>
- <p> The recent unrest began on July 2, with a peaceful walkout
- of government employees that gradually shut down state-run
- banks, closed the national airport and halted public
- transportation. When talks to end the work stoppage failed and
- the government pronounced the strike illegal, union leaders
- vowed to step up the pressure. That threat brought extremists
- from both sides into the streets, resulting in the most violent
- political clashes in the capital since the 1979 insurrection
- that gave the Sandinistas power.
- </p>
- <p> As both Chamorro and Ortega appealed for calm, hotheaded
- civilians armed with rocks, Molotov cocktails and AK-47 rifles
- erected cobblestone barricades, ignited piles of tires and
- engaged in sporadic gunfire. From some trenches flew the
- red-and-black Sandinista flag, from others Nicaragua's
- blue-and-white flag. At least four civilians died and scores
- were wounded. Fretted a local businessman: "This must be how
- Beirut began."
- </p>
- <p> With Nicaragua on the brink of chaos, Chamorro offered last
- Wednesday to reopen talks with the unions and Sandinista
- leaders. By the next morning, agreement was reached and calm
- restored. Union leaders pointed triumphantly to the long list
- of concessions. Chamorro's supporters hailed as a victory the
- army's decision to obey orders and not back the strikers. They
- cited with particular pride a public pledge of loyalty made by
- Daniel's brother, General Humberto Ortega, who heads the armed
- forces.
- </p>
- <p> The Sandinistas seemed disinclined to push their protest as
- far as full-scale revolt. Nevertheless, Chamorro acted wisely
- to bring a swift halt to the unrest. As the rapid acceleration
- of violence showed, militants of all political stripes are
- eager to use any pretext to bash former foes. At the height of
- last week's confusion, her staunchest conservative critic, Vice
- President Virgilio Godoy, called for the formation of "Brigades
- of National Salvation," apparently hoping to deputize the armed
- groups that clashed with strikers. Not surprisingly, Chamorro's
- prudence was denounced by Godoy and other conservatives within
- her 14-party alliance who charge that the President has isolated
- herself politically and is proceeding with her reforms too
- slowly while conceding too much to the Sandinistas.
- </p>
- <p> Since day one, the watchword of the Chamorro presidency has
- been reconciliation, and in that she has enjoyed a measure of
- success. In April she prodded the Sandinistas and U.S.-backed
- contras to sign a permanent cease-fire, which was followed two
- months later by the demobilization of the rebel forces, ending
- Nicaragua's 10-year civil war. But other aspects of
- reconciliation continue to elude her. She has not harmonized
- the competing interests of her supporters and detractors or
- brought Nicaraguans to accept the bitter pill of economic
- retrenchment. Perhaps most difficult of all, she has not
- persuaded extremists of either right or left to take the path
- of moderation, the only path that can pull Nicaragua out of its
- perennial misery.
- </p>
- <p>By Jill Smolowe. Reported by Tim Coone/Managua and Andrea
- Dabrowski/Mexico City.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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